The town was founded in the middle of the 13th century by Jaroslav and Havel of the Markvartic family. Its history is connected with notable aristocratic families who built their mansions in the surroundings, such as the Castles of Waldstein or Hrubý Rohozec.

Gradually the town developed into a major centre of trade and crafts. Cutting of precious stones and unique manufacture of Czech garnet jewels made Turnov famous all over the world. In 1884 a specialized school for jewellers was set up in Turnov, as the only school of that type in Europe. The expositions of the District Museum of Český Ráj offer a special opportunity to get to know Turnov and all the region.

Turnov is regarded as the centre of Český ráj. There are numerous natural monuments and historical sights in its surroundings, such as rock cities, caves, castles, mansions and rural architecture. Turnov is the starting point of numerous hiking trails and cycle tracks. The Jizera River runs through the town.